Discuss the rationale and impact of the decision on company law Essay - 1

Discuss the rationale and impact of the decision on company law - Essay Example The case and its subsequent ruling were significant in informing successive laws that would help mitigate on the numerous dispute arising from business engagement. The doctrine of corporate identity for example exempts the shareholders of an insolvent company from any case by creditors since the company becomes the defendant in such cases. Mr. Aron Salomon ran a successful shoe manufacturing in the United Kingdom. The boot manufacturing business was a major success thus enticing his sons who expressed interest in joining the business. As such, Mr. Salomon turned his business into a limited company, which then purchased his previous business at a cost of  £39,000. Mr. Salomon became the company’s largest shareholder after he purchased 20,001 shares of the company’s 20,007 shares. Additionally, he loaned the company  £10,000. Unfortunately, subsequent years became unfavorable for the business thus causing massive loses for the company. The government, which was the company’s major customer, withdrew its tender thereby leading to a massive decline of the company’s revenue. The company therefore began defaulting on the  £10,000 debenture it owed Salmon. Half of the debenture belonged to Broderip who the sued the company thus forcing the government to put the company under liquidation. The company paid Broderip his  £5,000 but this left the company at an unstable position since it could not pay the other unsecured creditors. The company failed to reimburse the unsecured creditors. The liquidator concluded that the government should not honor the floating charge. Such an action would make Salmon personally responsible for the debt. Salmon contested the decision in court thus instigating a lengthy court battle that would reform the country’s company law. At the end of the length court cases that ended up at the House of Lords, the lawmakers appreciated the fact that a company is independent and therefore a separate legal entity. In cases

Nuclear power Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nuclear power - Research Paper Example However, in 1789, Uranium was discovered by a German scientist named Martin Klaproth. In 1942, beneath the bench of a football ground at the University of Chicago, Enrco Fermi who was the noble prize winner with his group was working on an important project. They were on a mission to create first nuclear reactor (Armaroli, Nicola, and Vincenzo 1). Nuclear reactor was consisted of graphite (400 tons) and uranium (60 tons). ZIP was the main lever for stopping the experiment if any problem occurs. It was controlled by Canadian Physicist Walter Zinn. Fermi checked the increase in power and with the passage of time that found out that the objective was gained. They sent a private message to Washington that the nuclear energy had turned into a reality. The struggles of Canada’s scientific group were a victory and the nuclear reactor was constructed. The nuclear energy is discharged from atoms in two various methods: nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Nuclear Fission works by dividing an unbalanced uranium nucleus creating nuclear power. This creates neat which bubbles water and makes stream. This steam changes turbines to produce energy. The difficulty is that after flaming is done, the remaining material remains radioactive for thousands of year. Nuclear fission is believed to be very sanitary form of power. It works by joining two nuclei to form a larger nucleus. Fusion gives power to bubble water and create steam to form turbines. Unluckily, Scientists have not yet been able to utilize nuclear fusion to create electricity because there are three necessary things needed for this procedure; extreme High temperature, two nuclei tha t will combine together and provide energy, the capability to store the energy (Murray, Raymond, and Keith 11) Thus, nuclear fission works basically on uranium but nuclear fusion utilizes tritium and deuterium, both isotopes of hydrogen which are considered as unconstrained sources of

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El tà ³rax es la porcià ³n del cuerpo que se halla entre el cuello y el abdomen. Envuelve las costillas y el esternà ³n. Interiormente en el pecho se localiza diversos à ³rganos como el corazà ³n, pulmones y esà ³fago. La pleura, una membrana de tejido delgado, reviste el interior de la cavidad torà ¡cica. Observa el tà ³rax para determinar si la frecuencia y los movimientos respiratorios son normales Para que luego se percute el pecho con los dedos para saber si los pulmones està ¡n llenos de aire, lo que es normal, o bien si contienen là ­quido, lo cual es anormal. La percusià ³n tambià ©n permite determinar si la membrana que envuelve el corazà ³n (pericardio) o la que cubre los pulmones (pleura) contiene là ­quido. Colocar la mano sobre el tà ³rax para determinar el tamaà ±o del corazà ³n y el tipo y la fuerza de las contracciones durante cada latido. A veces, un flujo de sangre anormal y turbulenta dentro de los vasos o entre las cavidades del corazà ³n, provoca una vibracià ³n que se percibe con las yemas de los dedos o con la palma de la mano. Un flujo sanguà ­neo turbulento generalmente aparece cuando la sangre pasa por và ¡lvulas estrechas o que no cierran bien. En el caso de los derrames pleurales: se encuentra matidez a la percusià ³n (eventualmente con curva de Damoiseau) con disminucià ³n de las vibraciones vocales a la palpacià ³n. En el caso de condensaciones pulmonares: se encuentra matidez en la percusià ³n con aumento de la transmisià ³n de las vibraciones vocales en la palpacià ³n. En el caso de una atelectasia: se comporta parecido a un derrame pleural pero no se da una curva de Damoiseau. En el caso de un hemidiafragma ascendido: matidez de la base, falta de desplazamiento con la respiracià ³n, ausencia de transmisià ³n de vibraciones vocales en esa zona. En el caso... ...a columna. Colocando el fonendoscopio sobre las arterias y las venas en cualquier lugar del cuerpo, se pueden detectar seà ±ales de flujo turbulento, llamados soplos, causados por un estrechamiento de los vasos o por comunicaciones anormales entre ellos. No todas las enfermedades cardà ­acas provocan soplos y no todos los soplos indican un trastorno. En una estenosis mitral en ritmo sinusal: ritmo regular; primer ruido acentuado; en el dià ¡stole se ausculta un chasquido de apertura seguido por una rodada mitral, de intensidad III/VI, con un refuerzo pre sistà ³lico. En una insuficiencia aà ³rtica en ritmo sinusal: ritmo regular; segundo ruido disminuido de intensidad; soplo diastà ³lico en decrescendo, grado II/VI, que se ausculta en el foco aà ³rtico y borde para esternal izquierdo. Soplo meso sistà ³lico grado II/VI en el foco aà ³rtico que se irradia a la base del cuello.

Europe Africa And The Americas In 1492 To 1750 Essay

Throughout history, many changes have happened throughout the world. These changes shaped the world to be what is it was and also lead to other changes. For example, advances in technology, such as the creation of the magnetic compass, drastically changed exploration. However, these changes these changes did not occur without continuities. Take the bow for example, whether being used to hunt, wield in battled, or just to showcase skill, man has been using the bow for decades since the first bows were crafted. The years of 1492 to 1750 was a period of great change in Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas that resulted in changes in economy, like the introductions of new trade routes, along with changes in society such as changes in demography, which were especially relevant in the Americas. With all of these changes also existed continuities such as, in terms of economic continuities, the rich were still employing slave labor in order to produce materials for trade and desire of th e Spanish to convert people to Christianity in regards to social remained. In the years of 1492 through 1750, many questionable choices and things occurred due to the use of new trade routes that both furthered and damaged the economy in different regions of the world, mainly Western Europe. The triangle trade was one of the most notable of these trade routes considering that it lead to so many things that affected the world because it was a trade route that connected Europe to Africa to the Americas. This trade route would be a major cause of economic change on the world because of its use to trade slaves, raw material produced in the Americas by those slaves, and along with silver from the mines of the Americas which were shipped to Western Europe. The silver at first was an undeniable positive for Western Europe much like the export of raw materials from the colonies in the Americas. This export of materials was a great advantage to the mother countries because it means the mother countries could dedicate their land and time to other issues. Furthermore this leaves having to import theses raw materials from other countries thus giving the other counties more money which in turn gives them more power, having to pay taxes to trade route controllers, and it cuts out and political disputes that had a chance of occurring. The trade of silver on the other hand was far more controversial. At first it was a big boom to Spain’s economy because of how valued silver was at this time. However, that all changed when the value of silver drastically dropped due to inflation. This caused Spain economic problems because it gave them a false sense of security when they spent money fighting too many wars, money that they would no longer have. Both of the silver and raw material shipped to Western Europe from the America was mined and produced by slaves sold by Africa to the Europeans which lead to growth in Africa’s economy but a drop in its population and the way of life of Africans. Along with the arrival of the Europeans on the Americas, the trade of these slaves itself, caused changes in Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Of course Europe benefited economically but more prevalently was its effect on the demography of both the Americas and Africa. The America’s culture and population were two main effects of the trade of slaves. With the decreasing population and life expectancy of the natives of the Americas thanks to the diseases brought by the Europeans because they had no immunity, the trade of slaves slowed the rate a small amount because coming from Africa they already have some immunity to disease. The African slaves crossbred with the Europeans as well as the natives which led to the diversification of the population. This introduced creoles and mestizos social classes caused differences in the social ladder with europeos at the top, under them were the creoles, below the were the mestizos, next the Native Americans, then the free blacks, and the slaves at the bottom. In Africa the way of life and population was drastically changed due to slave trappers and traders. Families were ripped apart and the population was decreasing as Africans were being sold as slaves to the Europeans Slavery traces as far back as Ancient Greece and as continued all the way up to, and through the years of 1492 and 1750. They were still used for chores and for hard labor because they were cheap and replaceable. Rights and conditions of the slaves also did not change; they had no freedom, no rights, and no say, because they were still considered property by the Spanish and Portuguese. The Spanish and Portuguese bought and used slaves in fields and mines of the Americas with the majority of the slaves going to  Brazil, a Portuguese colony. They used slaves rather than hiring workers or doing the work themselves because for the same reason the Ancient Greek did it; it was cheap, easy, and they were replaceable. Slave labor continued throughout these years and even continued on past the year 1750. Another continuity of the years of 1492 and 1750 was the Spanish’s desire to convert the â€Å"barbaric† natives of the Americas to â€Å"proper† men of the Christian Faith. Some welcomed Christianity while some rejected it due to their comfort and contentment with their own religion and beliefs. The natives had previously practiced a polytheistic with human sacrifices, cannibalism, and rituals which was savage and barbaric to the Spanish. This caused the Spanish to forcibly convert the natives to Christianity with disregard of what the natives wanted. This was done by taking people including children from the Americas away and teaching them the ways of Christianity and sending them back to spread those ideas to others. The years of 1492 to 1750 held some big changes economically and socially to Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Economically, all three benefited excluding Western Europe when the inflation of silver hit. Socially, the demography of Africa was altered and the Americas drastically. Yet, not everything changed during this time period. Much of history remained constant during the period too. This included the use of slave labor in regards to economics and the Spanish desire to spread Christianity throughout the world.

Crisis of Enron and Auditors Responsiblilites - 2149 Words

Viktoria Martirosyan Case 1.1 Qt.1 Several parties were responsible for Enron crisis, including independent auditor, key executive officers, internal auditors, SEC and FASB. The hypocrisy, dishonorable actions and unethical behavior of Kenney Lay, Jeffrey Skilling, Andrew Fastow led to bankruptcy. This and many other problems, such as loss in transactions involving the swaps stocks, SPE related issues and est., finally contributed to crisis. As Enron executives, all of their concerns should have been focused on Enron’s profits, but seems that many of them only cared about their wealth. When financial problem surfaced, they did not attempt to fix it, but made efforts to maintain their own benefits and ignored the whole company’s and†¦show more content†¦Enron made only nominal financial statement disclosures for its SPE transactions and those disclosures were typically presented in confusing if not cryptic, language. 2. SAS 55- Internal Controls. Judging from the case, it can be clearly seen that internal control was not working properly. 3. SAS 45 Related parties - Special Purpose entities were a mechanism to raise needed financing for various purposes without being required to report the debt in their balance sheets. Enron used gaping loophole in accounting practice to create hundreds of SPEs and it did not limit its SPEs to financing activities. Enron used SPEs for the purpose of downloading underperforming assets from its financial statements to the financial statements of related by unconsolidated entities. SPE would finance the purchase of those assets by loans collateralized by Enron’s common stock. In some cased, undisclosed side agreement made by Enron with an SPE’s nominal owner insulated those individuals from any losses on their investments and, in fact, guaranteed them a windfall profit. Even more troubling, Enron often sold assets at grossly inflated prices to their SPEs allowing the company to manufacture large â€Å"paper† gain on t hose transactions. Qt.4 Audit documentation as per SAS 103, is a record of audit procedures performed, relevant audit evidence obtained, and conclusions the auditor reached. It supports the fact that the audit was done in accordance with auditing

The Presidential Election Trumps Shocking Triumph - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1003 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/07/10 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Presidential Election Essay Did you like this example? In 2016, during the Presidential Election, the political Blue Wall was breached in the Great Lakes, granting Trump a series of critical, razor-thin victories in Pennsylvania, Minnesota and Wisconsin. It was in the Great Lakes that Trump saw just enough of an increase in support to break the Blue Wall. Turnout increased statewide in Pennsylvania, but declined in Philadelphia and was up only slightly in suburban areas. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Presidential Election Trumps Shocking Triumph" essay for you Create order Trump won the state by only 80,000 votes despite large losses in the states urban and suburban areas. This paper will explore the origins of the political Blue Wall, which states are included, and how each of them played a part in Donald Trumps eventual election victory.A populist wave that started with Brexit reached the U.S. in a stunning manner in November 2016. Donald Trump won the presidential election in one of the greatest upsets in Americas political history. The election was historic as it left Republicans in a strong electoral status than before. Virtually, no political analyst saw Clintons fall especially in the Blue wall states. In a briefing to politico before the Election Day, the Republican National Committee indicated that Republicans could lose in those states. The blue wall not only cracked with Donald Trumps win in Michigan, but crumbled as he also won in Wisconsin and Pennsylvania (Bitecofer, 2018). From the onset, Trump had clearly indicated that he would surpass the Republican base and would challenge Hillary Clinton in states like Wisconsin, Michigan, Florida, Virginia, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, among others. He appeared severally in these states with an apparent goal of winning the electoral vote. He definitely had to capture a number of Clintons prospective core states for him to win (In Schultz, In Jacob, 2018). Trumps campaign dissuaded and targeted potential Clinton voters with particular messages and energized white working-class small town and rural voters with financial populist appeals. He was a presidential runner who actually recognized the significance of working-class whites. Even though Trump lost the popular vote (48.2 percent to 46.1 percent), he managed to win the Electoral College with over 300 votes. Key to his victory was the breaking of the blue wall, which had never elected a Republican for decades. One of the most outstanding results of the presidential election was the geographic domination that President Trump enjoyed in Michigan. Embedded in this element of Trumps win in Michigan, was his capability to triumph in places where other republicans were unable to win. Trump also won many other swing states nationally, that former president Obama had won, including Ohio, New Hampshire, North Carolina, and Florida. Donald Trump gutted the conventional perception that had become a democratic and demographic gospel in recent cyclesthat Blue wall states would always be Democratic corner-states. He broke through the Democratic Partys ?Blue Wall states, formerly considered to be Hillary Clintons failsafe. Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, were part of this ?Blue wall that many people thought would fall into the column of Democratic candidates. Since 1992, these states had always supported democrats presidential candidates and this was considered to be a challenge to Trump. According to analyst Ruy Teixiera, Trumps single most crucial factor in his win was the staggering 39 percent margin amongst white non-college (working-class) voters, which compares to a smaller 25 percent republican advantage during the 2012 election. Donald Trump garnered the Electoral College victory, in spite of losing the popular vote. A leading justification for Trumps win is that he directly appealed to white, working -class voters, and combined anti-immigrant rhetoric with trade protectionism as part of his agenda of ?making America great again. Trump beat Clinton by almost 50 points amongst blue-collar white men, and almost 30 points amongst non-college educated white women. His non college support ranged from 62 per cent to 66 per cent, which represented sharp variations toward the GOP, especially in Rust Belt states such as Wisconsin and Michigan. This tremendously high working-class support rate, and the weaker minority support rates for Hillary Clinton, became the notable demographic story in the 2016 presidential election (Denton, 2017). Wisconsin, for instance, is a competitive State with a big populace of white, working-class democrats. Whites without college degrees were negative towards Clinton, had weaker views of the economy, and were negative about immigration. These were some of the reasons that they voted for Trump who had promised change. Trump got a narrow victory in Florida, and in the three Rust Belt states: Wisconsin by 0.9 points, Michigan by 0.2 points, and Pennsylvania1 percent (Denton, 2017, p.299). Trump used targeted online messages with the aim of activating ?white identity politics. Coupled with Clintons unpopularity amongst whites working-class, as well as rural voters in the states, this messaging interacted with Electoral College votes to give Trump the presidency. His victory in those states was broadly observed as a part of his petition with blue-collar manufacturing voters. Though critics condemned Trumps vicious attacks on Muslims and Mexicans, he clearly knew that hostility toward globalization and immigration was deep among a number of American voters. Trumps decision to center on trade and immigration paid off as he did particularly well in the blue wall states of Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Wisconsin, all of which have huge numbers of white working-class voters. While Clinton was blamed for downplaying overt class appeals, Trump presented protectionist messages that seemed to appeal the traditional blue-collar, Democratic Mid-western voters (In Green, In Coffey In Cohen, 2018). He also took a critical stand on free trade that held the Clintons responsible for NAFTA. He attacked corporate greed, as well as the closing of industries that moved to Mexico.The 2016 presidential election was one of the greatest upsets in Americas political history. President Trump won many swing states nationally including Ohio, New Hampshire, North Carolina, and Flo rida. In addition, he was able to capture a number of Democrats prospective core states that led to his victory. Unlike his opponent, Trump was a presidential contender who recognized the significance of working-class whites. He presented protectionist messages that seemed to appeal the traditional blue-collar, Democratic Mid-western voters, with the aim of promoting his agenda of ?making America great again.

Is It Better to Be a Human Dissatisfied Than a Pig Satisfied

Oak Trees versus Acorns: Which is better? It has been argued for centuries now, that people do not grow their full human potential, largely because they do not participate in a reasonably sophisticated refinement . John Stuart Mill, in his book Utilitarianism, claims that It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied [Mill JS: 1863]. This essay will show that the advantages of being a human dissatisfied are better than those of a pig satisfied. But before this can be proven, we have to understand the metaphor that compares humans to pigs. Mill compares two types of people: people who prefer to be humans according to his definition, and those that prefer to be pigs. As pigs would ‘eat up anything that†¦show more content†¦Whatever kind of pleasure they prefer is the more worthy kind. Mill uses this concept to show that knowledgeable, higher order beings prefer the intellectual pleasures: Now it is an unquestionable fact that those who are equally acquainted with, and equally capable of appreciating and enjoying both, do give a most marked preference to the manner of existence which employs their higher faculties. Few human creatures would consent to be changed into any of the lower animals, for the promise of the fullest allowance of a beasts pleasures; Â… It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be a Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. And if the fool, or the pig, is of a different opinion, it is because they know only their own side of the question. The other party to the comparison knows both sides.[MillJS:1863] Mill highlights that a, a fool or pig, can only have a different opinion because it knows only one side of an issue. But a Socrates or human, knows both sides of an issue, and therefore can have a different opinion based on valid justification- which can only be achieved haven taken all aspects into regard. Therefore Mills argument is a good one because it logically argues that people who have experienced both types of pleasures (intellectualShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of Mills Pig Thesis1727 Words   |  7 PagesA Critical Analysis of Mill’s â€Å"Pig Thesis† John Stuart Mill published his seminal essay Utilitarianism in 1863. In this essay he builds on the work of his predecessor Jeremy Bentham, who sought to create a scientific approach to ethics, and responds to common criticisms of Bentham’s philosophy. 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He should instead honor the laws more than honoring his parents because in theory the city that he is living, has raised shape d him to be who he is. â€Å" We have given you birth, nurtured you, educateD you, we have given you and all other citizens a share of all the good things we could† ( p.Read MoreUtilitarianism Essay740 Words   |  3 Pageseach to count as one and no-one as more than one. However, there were many obvious faults in this theory; for example, eating a chocolate bar is subjective to people who like and dislike chocolate therefore not every action has equal pleasure and pain for every person. John Stuart Mill, a fellow colleague of Jeremy Bentham criticised him for developing a ‘Swine theory’ as it encouraged people to be selfish and recognizes no higher purpose for life other than the mere pursuit of pleasure. Mill wasRead More The Greatest Happiness Principle Essay1376 Words   |  6 Pagesbased on an action’s resulting â€Å"happiness,† # pleasure and absences of pain, or â€Å"unhappiness,† # discomfort and the nonexistence of contentment, rather than the intentions involved (Mill 89). After evaluating Mill’s principle, I will then end this essay by discussing my personal opinion about the doctrine and how I believe it can be altered to better suit real-life situations. The principle of utility is based on the greatest amount of happiness an action results in to the largest quantity of peopleRead MoreWho Is The Categorical Imperative?882 Words   |  4 PagesCarl Zimmer, wrote an essay â€Å"whose life would you save?† that asks why humans make the decisions they make and the philosophy behind it. Zimmer explains that Kant believed that pure reason alone could lead us to moral truths. 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