Beckett :: essays research papers

1BECKETTKing atomic number 1 II was a very extreme and shallow ruler. The exp whiznt had a harsh method that only aided himself. He was not the best family man, nance, or friend. He was he was surrounded by an obsession of one person, his best friend, Beckett. King Henry reigned with a tyrannical attitude, manipulative persona, and had a severe obsession for Beckett.King Henry II ruled his country to an superfluous extreme. The majority of the kings time was spent benefiting his own welfare. Only close family, friends, and nobility were taken care of. The king blatantly took care of himself and his supporters, overlooking the people who required the most help. Henry spent too much of his time waiting for Becketts consent.King Henry possesses a manipulative mind-set. Henry attempts to manipulate Beckett, but does not succeed. Beckett is too intelligent to be controlled by the king. Unfortunately King Henrys family is manipulated by him. The Kings family is aware of his manipula tion, but attempting to do anything about it will only result negatively. The pantywaist tried this at supper, but she was yelled at and sent out of the room by the king.2King Henry has an intense obsession with Beckett. The king desires Becketts love and approval. Without Becketts direction and care for King Henry, the King will not even bathe. After Beckett devoted his life to God, King Henrys obsession grew stronger. King Henry exiled his best friend out of his country. Beckett was not supposed to leave the country, but secretly did. Henry indirectly told his guards that he did not want Beckett leaving. After reuniting on a French beach, they argued, and went their separate ways. But before the King headed back, he yelled Becketts name one last time with no reply.

Purtian Men and Women in Edward Taylor and Anne Bradstreet Essay

Purtian Men and Women in Edward Taylor and Anne Bradstreet Crossing the Atlantic, Puritans faced not only the physical hardships of an uncultivated land, but excessively difficulties within the structure of their religion. In The Puritan Dilemma, Edmund Morgan details the contradicting tenets of Puritanism. Puritans were to seek salvation even though they were helpless to do anything but evil they were to rely simply on messiah for salvation even though salvation was only possible if preordained by God (7). Additionally, in the Puritan paradigm, the relationship betwixt Christ and the church was analogous to that of husband and wife. Husbands took pre-eminence over wives, just as Christ reigned supreme over His flock. This layered system of servants and masters caused men and women to experience Puritanism rattling differently. The poetry of Edward Taylor and Anne Bradstreet demonstrates that while Puritan men focused on pleasing their Heavenly Father, Puritan women sought the approval of earthly men.Studying female committal to writing in colonial America, William Scheick notes that Puritans supported this attitude of subordination with Biblical passages. In the Old Testament, Adam declares Eve the bone of his bones and the flesh of his flesh. Because she was taken forth of man, Adam resolves on calling her woman. Similarly, in the New Testament, capital of Minnesota describes Christians as members of the Lords body, of his flesh, and of his bones. Whereas the Genesis passage refers to earthly matrimony, Paul addresses the spiritual marriage between Christians and the Bridegroom Christ. Scheick observes how these passages imply the silent subordination of the second sex to men, and the reverence wives owe to their husbands (62).... ...ism in early New England. Works CitedBradstreet, Anne. The Prologue To Her Book. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lautier. New York Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004 188-190.Hambrick-S towe, Charles E., ed. Early New England Meditative Poetry. New York Paulist Press, 1988.Morgan, Edmund S. The Puritan Dilemma The Story of John Winthrop. Boston Little, Brown and Company, 1958.Stanford, Ann. Anne Bradstreet Dogmatist and Rebel. The New England Quarterly 39 (1966) 373-389. JSTOR. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. 3 Oct. 2005 .Taylor, Edward. Prologue. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lautier. New York Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004 239-240.---, Huswifery. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lautier. New York Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004 236-237.

Stability and bioavailability of different erythromycin derivatives :: essays research papers

1. IntroductionErythromycin is angiotensin converting enzyme of the most common employ macrolide antibiotics. Over the years after Abbott introduced Erythrocin (erythromycin stearate) into the market, several generics and new brands have been introduced &8211 generics in the form of different drug formulations and new brands in the form of different erythromycin salts.All these derivatives have the same pharmacodynamics and mechanism of action, but differ staggeringly in their pharmacokinetics.This paper will give an introduction and a brief overview in the different stabilities and pharmacokinetics of the erythromycin salts and an introduction into new approaches in the field of macrolide antibiotics. tabular array of Contents1. Introduction22. Erythromycin &8211 a brief chemical description42.1 Crystal structure and hygroscopicity72.2 Mechanism of action83. Derivatives of erythromycin base93.1 Erythromycin stearate103.2 Erythromycin ethyl succinate103.3 Erythromycin estolate113. 4 Comparison between erythromycin base and estolate134 Chemical derivatives of erythromycin134.1 Roxithromycin134.2 Clarithromycin144.3 Azithromycin144.4 Dirithromycin154.5 Flurithromycin164.6 Comparison of properties among the newer macrolides175 Discussion and conclusions19References212. Erythromycin &8211 a brief chemical description traffic pattern 2.1 Advertisement for eryped 3Erythromycin belongs to the chemical group of macrolide antibiotics (macros greek = great, -olid as the suffix for lactones). Its microbiological activity mainly covers bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and other infections with gram positive bacteria. In the case of erythromycin base, the 14-linked lactone ring (Erythronolid) is conjugated with one basic amino sugar (Desopamine) and one neutral sugar (Cladinose).Figure 2.2 Erythromycin base showing the aglycon (red), the basic amino sugar (green), and the neutral sugar (blue) 2Erythromycin was first discovered in 1952 in Streptomyces erythreu s. The spectrum of activity is equal to penicillin. The antibiotic activity is linked to the presence of the desoxy sugars.There are three known forms of erythromycin. The structure of erythromycin-A is the most common used in formulations and differs from erythromycin-B in the hydroxyl-group in position 13 of the lactone ring. Erythromycin-C is missing the methoxy-group in the cladinose sugar. 8Stability problems first were discovered when Erythrocin was found to contain not the stated amount of erythromycin stearate.The first stability problem with erythromycin is because of its deliquescence. This could be prevented if erythromycin is stored under accurate conditions.Erythromycin has a poor water solvability and solutions decompose quicker if temperature is increased. Figure 2.1 shows the chemical degradation of erythromycin. The formation of the hemiketal is a dehydration and leads to the inactivation and loss of antibiotic activity. This step is highly pH sensitive.Figure 2.3 C hemical degradation and inactivation of erythromycin 4

Blind Mans Bluff :: essays research papers

Blind art objects BluffSometimes in literature, the characters in the story make an important contribution to society. In the novel, Blind Mans Bluff, by Sherry Sontag and Christopher Drew, the brave men and women that served in the Navys Secret Service did just that. If it wasnt for them, many more lives would have been bewildered and more land would be destroyed. They had to endure many hardships and suffer for this country.This book is compiled of many missions that happened throughout the Cold War. It shows what the Naval Program was like during that period and how it changed due(p) to advancing technology. These people operated the spy submarines and risked being killed or captured by the Soviets. hotshot example of this is when Commander Charles R. McVean took his crew and tapped a Soviet telephone line at the bottom of the Sea of Okhotsk. This stopped a potential nuclear war. They also started to make submarines that could dive deeper and explore murky depths. Other subma rines are used for surveillance. If we were laughable about a certain ship, a surveillance submarine would so out and spy on the ship and see what they were up to. These subs played a huge roll in the war. If a ship was transporting weapons or bomb making materials to the enemy, the sub could ratio to US forces and take over the ship. One very(prenominal) brave commander in the war was Norman G. Bessac. He commanded the USS Gudgeon, which was an old diesel engined submarine straight into enemy territory. The Gudgeon was caught and pounded by enemy subs. One of the very important subs in the war was the Cochino. It monitored the development of the atomic bomb that the soviets were making. Unfortunately the Cochino crashed into the Tusk and set the after-battery on fire. This eventually caused the end of Cochino. Nine long time after the Cochino sank the Air Force found evidence that the Soviets detonated a nuclear device.

The Complex Character of Shakespeares Hamlet :: Essays on Shakespeare Hamlet

The Complex Character of Shakespeares settlementUpon examining Shakespeares characters in this play, hamlet proves to be a very complex character, and functions as the key element to the development of the play. Through proscribed the play we see the many different aspects of Hamlets personality by observing his actions and responses to real situations. Hamlet takes on the role of a strong character, but through his internal weaknesses we witness his destruction. In the opening of the play, Hamlet is confronted by the apparition of his vex and told to revenge his foul and most unnatural murder. Later on, however, Hamlet begins to doubt the ghost. He then thinks up the Murder of Gonzago to verify the truthfulness of the ghost and also to allow himself more time. After learning the truth, Hamlet still continues to procrastinate the killing of Claudius. Although Hamlet is full of purpose, he lacks the ability to carry out his intentions, and thus allows his character flaw to eventu ally destroy him. Another characteristic that acts against Hamlet is his excessive melancholiness. Hamlet experiences rejection from his true love, anger from the murder of his father, betrayal from his friends and family, and worry from what lies ahead. These feelings of pain and sorrow are embedded deep inside Hamlet, and eat at him like a terrible disease. Unfortunately, by the end of the play Hamlet has stopped fighting this disease and leaves his future up to fate. As he begins his duel with Laertes he says the readiness is all, meaning that fate will patch up the future and if it means death he will accept it. In connection to Hamlets indecisiveness and melancholiness, one has to question his sanity. At the beginning of the play Hamlet seems logical and quick, but this soon fades after Hamlet has his first visitation with the ghost of his father. Hamlet then doubts himself and starts to believe that his eyes have deceived him.

The Complex Character of Shakespeares Hamlet :: Essays on Shakespeare Hamlet

The Complex Character of Shakespeares HamletUpon examining Shakespeares references in this play, Hamlet proves to be a very composite character, and functions as the key element to the development of the play. Throughout the play we see the many different aspects of Hamlets personality by observing his actions and responses to certain situations. Hamlet takes on the role of a strong character, exactly through his internal weaknesses we witness his destruction. In the opening of the play, Hamlet is confronted by the ghost of his father and told to revenge his back off and most unnatural murder. Later on, however, Hamlet begins to doubt the ghost. He then thinks up the Murder of Gonzago to verify the truthfulness of the ghost and also to concede himself more time. After learning the truth, Hamlet still continues to procrastinate the killing of Claudius. Although Hamlet is full of purpose, he lacks the ability to carry out his intentions, and thus allows his character flaw to event ually destroy him. Another characteristic that acts against Hamlet is his excessive melancholiness. Hamlet experiences rejection from his true love, anger from the murder of his father, betrayal from his friends and family, and fear from what lies ahead. These feelings of pain and mourning are embedded deep inside Hamlet, and eat at him like a terrible disease. Unfortunately, by the end of the play Hamlet has stopped struggle this disease and leaves his future up to fate. As he begins his duel with Laertes he says the readiness is all, meaning that fate will decide the future and if it pith death he will accept it. In connection to Hamlets indecisiveness and melancholiness, one has to question his sanity. At the beginning of the play Hamlet seems logical and quick, but this soon fades after Hamlet has his first visitation with the ghost of his father. Hamlet then doubts himself and starts to believe that his eyes have deceived him.

Imagery in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

What Mark Twain is trying to portray in this slice of, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is that Boggs is plainly looking for trouble, and Colonel Sherburn is as well. In this part of the book, Boggs comes galloping along on his horse, to town where he wants to kill Sherburn. His motto, meat first, and spoon vittles to top off on (107) is referring to him killing Colonel Sherburn and then eat him up in a star of having pride that Boggs defeated someone. When I was reading this part of the novel, I pictured Boggs as a mid-aged, really large man.Also, the book state he had a really red face so it made me picture him getting out of breath easy. Losing his breath foreshadowed a bit to me that he was the one that was going to be defeated, being weak. As Boggs was trying to act strong and brave, it turned out that Sherburn was the brave one, I pictured. Sherburn seemed like he just walked out of the store in Arkansas in a brave matter, with no care in the world after he gave that speech. C olonel Sherburn seemed toss of Boggs running his mouth, and so he shot Boggs multiple times. The word bang kept appearing in this chapter, and it showed me how Sherburn wanted to do what he thought was necessary, though he was frustrated a bit. What really caught my eye was when they were trying to keep Boggs alive, and they put a Bible over his chest and under his head. This made sense that they thought, through their religion, that that could help Boggs out and that the Holy Spirit would bring him back to life, but unfortunately they did not. When first reading this, chills were brought to me with the smell of really fresh business and the sound of huffing and puffing as Boggs kept gasping for that sweet air.

Will Cliff

An section is the smallest unit of measurement of matter that cannot be broken low by chemical m means and an element Is a pure substance made of only one kind of atom. An element Is made up o f only one kind of atom. The atomic number and mass shows the amounts of that atom In proto ins, electrons, and neutrons. The atom Is the smallest unit of the element. 2) An atom is the smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down and a molecule is a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.In a molecule there be atoms being brought HTH together to make a molecule. 3) In a ionic bond the atoms are brought together by the attraction of oppositely char De ions and an ion is when an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons. A c bivalent bond Is sharing of two paired electrons together. in that location can one or more pairs In a co valet bond. 4) The type of weak bond that forms between water molecules is a enthalpy bond.T he hydrogen bond is the attraction o f two water molecules. 5) The difference between polar molecules and monopole molecules is that polar mole culls are molecules with an unequal distribution of electric charge, such as water molecules. A monopole molecule is a molecule that shares electron equally and does not have ends with pop site charges. 6) Sodium chloride Is an example of a compound because It Is a substance made of t woo different elements. ) The difference between cohesion and adhesion is that cohesion is an attraction of molecules of the equivalent substance and adhesion is the attraction between molecules of different substances. 2) A substance would not dissolve well in water is oil because the water molecules ar e more attracted to each other than to the monopole molecules. This shows why OLL clumps or bleeds In water and doesnt dissolve In It. 3) The difference between acids and bases is that.

Comparative Essay for Poetry Unit Essay

Cultural scrap is when a new set of beliefs and habits overtakes and conceals the old set, deteriorating the pious heathenish spliceions established at birth. Sujatas pursuit for My Tongue and John Agards Half-Caste are twain excellent examples of cultural skirmish. In the both cases, the authors are attempting to depict the hardships problematical with a clash of culture. In Search for My Tongue, Sujata Bhatt finds conflict between two languages what would you do/if you had two applauders in your m verbotenh (3-4).In Half-Caste, Agard protests the racial discrimination towards the Guyanese interior hidden by the British exterior. Both poets express these cultural conflicts with the use of perspective, cultural context, literary devices, mental imagery and variations to syntax. The similarities in these poesys show that cultural conflict is abundant and ubiquitous, whereas the differences provide uniqueness amongst the cultural conflicts.In Search for My Tongue, Bhatts poe m encompasses the conflict between yield tongue and the foreign tongue. These very physical objects renew her native language of Guajarati and foreign language of English. The use of this metaphorical analogy is widespread, such as in the French language, where the word langue means both tongue and language. According to Bhatt, if you had to/speak a foreign tongue,/your mother tongue would rot (10-12). The conflict between languages continues in the subconscious world, where the mother tongue al sorts returns and blossoms out of my mouth (38).Similarly Half-Caste is also a conflict of cultures, specifically race. John Agard is a change integrity race of black and white light an shadow (13). His biography in Britain has allegedly suppressed his black, unwanted side. This protest poem is the black side attempting to be freed just as how Bhatts mother tongue wants to grow(s) back (31). Agard often describes himself as half a person, standing on one leg (2), Half-a-eye (41), half-a -dream (43), half-a-shadow, (46). Bhatt searches for her two tongue simply only finds one.Contrastingly, Half-caste is a poem of external conflict between Agard and the disapproving English society, whereas Search For My Tongue is about self-discovery and internal conflict. In Search for My Tongue, lines between 1 and 14 are all in the 2nd person, which connects the poem to the reader.It is more dramatic and heartfelt than a narrative. Bhatts internal conflicts are voiced out to the world, searching for an answer to the question I shoot you, what would you do (3).Half-caste uses the exact same strategy in order to achieve a different goal. The 2nd person narrative is installed between lines 4 and 37. He uses phrases like Explain yuself/wha yu mean (4-5), which directly targets the discriminating British (you need proof of that from his poem) yo put the on metaphor with the sun dont pass in England society, it fits sincerely well here . External conflicts between Agard and the soc iety are immediately voiced. Both poems employ the perspective of the it is not 2nd person , JUDD told me that on Search for my tongue isto connect with the reader, but one does it to apply the internal conflicts to the outside world whereas the other does it to be heard.Bhatt brings out her internal conflicts so that she can connect with the reader. In Search for My Tongue, many literary devices are used to bring out these internal conflicts. Her metaphorical tongues actually symbolize languages. She often changes between the enigmatic meanings. For example, she states that if you had two tongues in your mouth,/and lost the first one, the mother tongue, (4-5). Bhatt is giving supernatural qualities to the physical tongue. In an another example, she states that your mother tongue would rot,/rot and die in your mouth (12-13). In this case, Bhatt is creating personifications by giving lifelike, natural properties to a language. This shows how Bhatt is switching between the multiple m eanings.In Half-Caste, Agard also draws on multiple examples. Contrastingly, he uses allusions or references to external literary works. The two apparent allusions are Picasso and Tchaikovsky. Put the lines Both of these artists use contrasts to create a greater piece of work. According to Agard, a mixed person is a living example of beauty derived from two contrasting cultures. Although the meaning of these allusions is not ambiguous, they are often sarcastic and direct. The differences in the use of literary devices pick out to do with the fact that Bhatt is unclear about her cultural conflict, whereas Agard understands his cultural conflict.Both poets use the literary device of repetition to express cultural conflict. For example, in Search for My Tongue, the words tongue and mouth are very abundant. The word tongue ends lines 2, 5, 7, 11 and 37. The word mouth ends lines 4, 13, 34 and 38. Not only does the repetition bring the poem together, it strengthens the message Bhatt is trying to send. It resembles a distress signal from a person with dire need.Similarly, John Agard repeats the phrase Explain yuself in lines 4, 10, 23 and 31. This reminds the reader of the aggressive tone in this rebellious poem, and ties the poem together. Every time a new idea is brought up, Explain yuself is the introductory line.Another way the poets attempt to describe cultural conflict is by the use of imagery. At the end of the poem, Sujata Bhatt writes It grows back, a stump of a shoot (31). This is a metaphor, comparing the mother language to a growing bamboo. The metaphor adds to the clear imagery. Continuing,Grows longer, grows moist, grows strong veins,It ties the other tongue in knots,The bud opens, the bud opens in my mouth,It pushes the other tongue aside. (32-35)These lines key fruit a very explicit picture in the readers mind, helping the poet come across with the meaning.Similarly, John Agard also appeals to the many senses. The red an fleece fit (8) on the can vas (9) feed on the man sense of sight. The black key (28) and white key (29) in the symphony (30) by Tchaikovsky (26) affect the human sense of hearing. Together, it allows the reader to fully experience the idea of Half-Caste.Finally, both poets use a strange form of syntax. In Search for My Tongue, Bhatt adds a full piece of Gujarati. This symbolizes the rebirth of the mother tongue within Bhatts subconscious mind. In addition, between lines 31 and 35, there are no periods, replaced by commas. This section holds the imagery explained above, and periods would add unnecessary breaks.Similarly, Half-Caste has no punctuations. Together with the differing dialect, it shows the poet opposing his surroundings. This is a form ofprotest, since Agard is not following the general rules of writing set by his racist opponents. Therefore, both poets express cultural conflict with variations to syntax.When reading Search for My Tongue, a monolingual person would not be able to fully gripe Bh atts cultural conflict, except when it is described physically. By allowing the reader to picture two tongues in their mouth, Bhatts internal conflicts are expressed externally, allowing her to share her pain with the world. However, someone who is bilingualist may have already experienced similar cultural conflicts. Therefore, this bilingual reader will understand Search for My Tongue much better than a regular monolingual reader.Similarly, Half-Caste, is also geared towards two different types of people. A person who isnt mixed will not be able to comprehend this poem as well as someone who is mixed. In addition, Half-Caste protests against discriminative English people. In a less discriminative culture such as Canada where the use of racial slurs like half-caste is scarce, it is much harder to comprehend Agards cultural conflicts. Therefore, both Half-caste and Search for my Tongue are both good examples of how cultural context impacts how the poem is perceived.In conclusion, bo th poems are affected by cultural context, which dictates the effect on the reader. For example, as previously stated, a bilingual person will be able to comprehend Search for My Tongue better than a monolingual person. However, Sujata Bhatt needs to ensure that the monolingual demographic will still be able to extract the full meaning. Both Bhatt and Agard achieve this by employing very similar methods. The narrative, metaphors and personifications, vivid imagery and variations to syntax all contribute to expressing cultural conflict.Although the two poems have many commonalities, they are based on different subject matter. Search for My Tongue is about Bhatts internal conflict with herself, whereas Half-Caste is about Agards external conflict against his society. These conflicts differ, but are all linked to culture the overriding link between these entwining poems.

Maritime Trade, Global Economies, and the Megaports Initiative

Maritime Trade, Global Economies, and the Megaports Initiative The purpose of this posting is two-fold. Part one is to describe the importance of maritime consider to orbicular economies, and give way two is to illustrate the importance of the Megaports Initiative to international trade. Part One Obviously, global trade involves moving finished goods and heavy commodities over extensive distances. From both(prenominal) a tonnage perspective and value perspective, an overwhelming share of inter-hemispheric and trans-oceanic trade involves the use of maritime (as opposed to aviation) transportation.Therefore, as I composed this response, I considered global trade and international trade nearly synonymous with maritime trade. Rather than simply describe the importance of maritime global trade, I shall actually accent its importance so that you, the reader, know right away that I am a staunch and firm proponent of free trade. Free, unfettered, and unregulated global trade (with so me notable exceptions below) is hugely beneficial to the aggregate welfare of the world at large.The explosion of global trade over the last 5 decades has get up entire segments of populations throughout China, India, Vietnam, Brazil, and nearly ALL of Korea out of poverty and into a new working and stable middle class. Ancillary benefits include square improvements in literacy, life expectancy, and gains in personal freedom and self determination, with China being a frustrating exception. Critics of global trade (a wily bunch ranging from thoughtful academics to tie in unions to undisciplined and uninformed anarchists) consider all sorts of counter telephone circuits against a global economy.Their protestations are far too numerous to address at length in this forum, but a quick review of some of the fallacious and unfounded concerns would include global trade suppresses the locally grown movement it enriches the wealthy at the expense of the worlds poor it increases global o utput of carbon dioxide, etc. These fringe concerns are fallacious because world trade allows the most efficient peer access code to all markets. Efficiency, by definition, means the producer who uses the LEAST amount of ggregate raw material (be it feed-stocks, acreage, labor, energy per unit produced, scarce components, etc) will be rewarded with global business. A more valid concern, generally advanced by American unions, might be the loss of manufacturing and textile jobs in the United States. A painful realness of global trade is that the benefits are NOT pareto optimal they are not distributed evenly, and there will be both winners and losers. In this context, trade unions and isolationists in the U. S. ave matte up the economic pain as cost conscious manufacturers make moved production overseas. In some industries (automobiles, in particular) overseas competitors simply beat long dominant American producers at their own game. In response, American unions have sometimes c onfused protectionism with patriotism. There is nothing patriotic about preserving an uncompetitive and underperforming industry. On the contrary, protectionism denies the American consumer choices and it stifles American innovation.Global trade, which is realized by a robust maritime trade, encourages all producers to be innovative, and it elevates the real purchasing power of the world consumer. As promised, there are some brief caveats, however, to the argument I advanced above. Free, unfettered, and unregulated trade should strive to resemble fair trade to the maximum end possible. The world economy should not benefit from the producer who achieves a competitive edge through the use of child labor, slave labor, indentured servitude, or a total disregard for the environmental effects of his production.The mechanisms to establish those standards (much less enforce them) is a topic for another paper, but it should be mentioned in light of the argument I have advanced above. Part Tw o The exact statement we are being asked to consider is the following Illustrate the importance of the Mega Ports to International Trade. Heres my contrarian discernment The Megaports initiative is a SECURITY measure, NOT a trade measure.So I would argue that it has little importance to international trade, but very significant importance with respect to national security. The Megaports initiative is a U. S. lead, internationally coordinated effort to scan containerized cargo for radiation hazards and threats. Thus, Megaports WILL become an important concern to international trade only if it manages to DISRUPT it which it might, depending upon the capabilities of the screening equipment used and the rigidity of DHS/DOEs ambitious goal of screening 50% of containerized cargo by 2015.I have some reservations about the ability of the federal government to reach its stated goal of 50% screening, and I also am skeptical about the qualification claims of the equipment that is to be dep loyed. The manufacturers of expensive, high tech screening equipment that cater to DHS have a pretty solid record of over-promising (or, at least exaggerating) the abilities of their wares. Radiological detectors can produce some impressive diagnostic results, but they are too slow to handle large volumes of cargo.Full spectrum scans can take several minutes for a 56 foot intermodal ITU (International Transport Unit). The larger U. S. ports handle upwards of 2000 imported containers per twenty-four hours. In laymans terms, there is simply not enough time in the day to screen 1000 TEUs per day with existing technology. Im also concerned that the deployment of screening equipment (the most precise equipment is not mobile, but fixed) will create chokepoints around ports and may delay trade and interfere with the well choreographed transfers between railways, trucking companies, and shipping.My final concern deals with what is perhaps an unavoidable obstacle. Exactly what is the point of screening for radiological WMDs when those WMDs have already arrived at a U. S. port? If a nefarious group has the means to procure a nuclear device (either dirty or sincerely fissile), then we can safely assume those same bad actors could incorporate inertial navigation (which does not rely on GPS reception) to detonate the device at a desired location along the transport route.In conclusion, I am skeptical of the cost-benefit mix of this initiative. If its going to be deployed, it should be deployed honestly as a spot check mechanism of deterrence. The United States should also do everything in its power to screen U. S. A. bound cargo at the cargos port of origin, quite than at the port of destination. References The National Nuclear Security Administration, Megaports Initiative (October 2009), U. S. Department of Energy. (Retrieved from the AMU HLSS 645 course materials folder on 14 December 2009)

Platform technology Essay

Servlets be supported by the Java Sun political program engineering science of option for expanding and improving web servers and they provide a component-based, platform independent method for making web applications, with place the confines of the performance of CGI programs. They are sustained in nearly all web servers. There are umteen popular servlets which are available in the market at the moment. JRun is a J2EE application server, initially made in 1997 as a Java Servlet locomotive by Live software package and later on bought by Allaire, who brought out the first J2EE compliant edition.It was obtained by Macromedia prior to its 2001 takeover of Allaire, and later by adobe Systems when it bought Macromedia in 2005. Its latest patch Updater 7 was released by Adobe in 2007. Updater 7 added Sun JDK 1. 6 support, Apache 2. 2 support, Windows Vista/IIS7 support and Mac OS X 10. 4 on Intel support. This feature differentiates it from other servlets. Similarly, iPlanet was a p roduct that was used mutually by Sun Microsystems and Netscape Communications Corporation when sharing out software and services as part of a non-limited cross marketing contract.AOL has continued to market the directory and certificate server products below the Netscape brand. After AOL joined with Netscape, technology analysts conjectured that AOLs major concern was the netscape. com website, which some thought to have replaced the Internet Explorer browser. Apache Tomcat is also an open source Servlet made by the Apache Software Foundation (ASF). Tomcat uses the Java Servlet and the Java Server Pages (JSP) provisions from Sun Microsystems and that gives it the edge over other servlets.As far as choosing one Servlet for our cheek is concerned it depends on the platform technology. And since JRun is a J2EE application server therefore I would choose it over others.REFRENCES http//www. wikipedia. org QUESTION Research some of the popular Servlet engines (Tomcat, JRun, IPlanet, etc) . What features are there that make one Servlet engine better than the other? How would you go about choosing one for your organization?

Crime and Rival Gang Member Essay

The Outsiders tells a story about devil kids named Johnny and Ponyboy who are in a gang c every last(predicate)ed the Greasers. They come through in a wrong doing world of gangs and fights. After Johnny protects Ponyboy by pour downing a rival gang member named Bob, the two boys run away. A young criminal named Dally helps them escape. After an incident with a burning church Johnny dies and Dally dies soon after because of the sorrow Johnnys death caused him. In the novel The Outsiders, S.E Hinton demonstrates that violence can backsheesh to nothing more than emotional challengingships, crime, and death. The smallest act of crime can often lead to inner adversity. For instance, Johnnys parents would beat him and left him feeling safer in a gang or in a parking lot. Due to the parents hurt Johnny he was forced to live a life in a gang, a life of crime, and violence. Johnny felt as if no cared and that redden if he lived in a gang his parents wouldnt do anything. Another example is when Darry hits Ponyboy for being late home and Ponyboy runs away.Darry wheeled around and slapped (Ponyboy) so hard that it knocked (him) against the door, that causes emotional tension that apprehends in the way of family. A small act of violence makes Ponyboy dash away from their home and create division between the two brothers. The final example is when Johnny dies and Ponyboy gets traumatized. The death of Johnny make Ponyboy so confused that he altered and denied reality. Ponyboy was significant on Ponyboy he wasnt in the right mind for a while. Crime is frequently the result of an act of violence.The felony of Bob trying to land Pony boy left Johnny having to kill him. They put you in the electric chair for killing people, and it is exactly because violence was move. The crime of Bob trying to kill Ponyboy resulted in his death. The gangs fought and did many illegal things that made them always on the look out for cops. Just because people may not like each other doe snt mean crime assume s to be committed. Most of the time crime is involved people get hurt. Lastly Dally robbed a grocery store and the cops ended up firing their weapons at him.When a misdeed happens it is either caused by violence or started with violence whether its the police or a gang. The felony Dally committed soon after cost him his life. One of the most cruel and harsh effects of felony is the consequence of death. One example is that Johnny gets beaten up by Socs and the next time they try and harm him he kills Bob. The fear that the Socs would hurt him resorted to Johnny killing Bob. A kid with a pocketknife who is scared to get hurt can lead to a devastation effect.Secondly is when Johnny dies in the fire. The murder of Bob made Johnny run away and tell him into feeling like he had to risk his life to save the kids in the church. Because Johnny was guilty with murder it sadly lead to his death. In the end of it all he died because of his act of violence to Bob. Lastly the message repeats itself when Dally dies out of sorrow of Johnnys death. The death of one made Dally kill himself by pulling a gun on the cops. Johnnys death was the cause and end of Dallys.Violence is an action that can only end in pain and misery. Violence in todays society would lead to the collapse of a civilized world. As the world advances with guard and security, less hostility will be shown and the world will become a better place for future generations. With all the progress in applied science we shall never expel violence itself. Although violence wont be destroyed, it is up to us to suppress or reduce death and acts of violence. The world call for to try and stop the terrible action from ever happening again.

Nothing Gold Can Stay

The title of the poem Is metaphorical which, makes comparisons to the young and youth. grand represents nurture and wealth. Therefore when it says Nothing Gold Can Stay it simply that nothing preciously or of great value in the materialistic sense fucking stay forever. Gold symbolizes materialism, it would not last for long and it will give a false sense of security and happiness. Gold, which is money based, can get years to accumulate but can be washed away in a millisecond.On the other hand, things that drive home emotional and sentimental value cannot be bought with Gold and therefore will main throughout ones entire conduct. Nature represents the flirts Instance of gold. young is Gold represents the natural world that is the New England forests Frost loved for approximately of his life. The color of money is car park may also indicative of lifespan of the somebody in comparison to the seasons. The spring is when everything is new, Green the summer youth hottish and pa ssionate, the f all(prenominal) change various emotions, the winter dying death and cold.The birth of the baby Is stunning, their skin is soft they are fragile to hold, they grow so fast, their beauty, and the honor they have Inside Is ere fresh and clean. I remember when I was a gull I would ask my parents questions about everything I saw. All temper was seen too, tho as time passed it became normal. As I grew older I gained more experience and memory was no longer green. Example, when I was a baby I dont know how to lie to my parents, to anybody, but growing older learn how to lie and purity was not found again.When you are young, things are great and perfect, nothing to stir up about but it Is Impossible to keep that sense of security all the time. It Is a flower that grows from seed, blooms, grows, and after a while it dies. We can also appoint to green as it relates to the creation of the world. Everything created by idol is green in nature. The green is the symbol of life and prosperity, for example money is green and when nature is depict green typically comes to mind.In fact, when you look the green nature, it is pleasing to the eyes. However, due to mans greed they unless see Gold. This Gold Is the first green because all humans bearing about Is Gold and as a result they are giving It greater importance than nature, our source of life. Being that nature supplied the earth with Gold, man take advantage of it. Then the nature loses its beauty and importance equivalent it does in the break of day Then it turns to the hot, muggy afternoon. Her early leafs a flower but yet so an hour.It reminds us of how happy the first human creation of God living in the garden. The new life is so precious like a bud that turns to a beautiful flower, perfumed by Its natural means yet a certain distraction ruins everything. The word Gold every suggests the early leaf, which lacks sufficient pigment to be completely green, or perhaps a gold as in a golden a ge, a domain time n ones life, even gold relating to money, stating the physical component of things, which as the nullify of the poem suggests, Cannot Stay.The nature of human life begins at a point of greatness in which all potentials represented by the flowers bud have been met In the open blossom. This point In the lifetimes of all Miming things lasts only at the most an hour. Eden represents the pure world before man was created to name everything, to go to the animals and to the earth, before he and his wife disobeyed the divine by eating the output from the tree of knowledge, thus aiming mortality and opening the doorway into death upon the earth. Eden represents all beginnings, before there was knowledge of decay.Frost uses this element to visualize his idea that all things in nature, including the lives of people, reach a new height before they sink to grief. The poet uses nature as a person which a commonly used experimental condition as Mother Nature, and I think the hidden meaning lowlife this is that the poem he has written carries the same message that has been preached for years, yet no one bothers to follow or listen to. Frost is not being alone peoples in his poem he is saying only that it is the Gold in things which cannot last, their brightest.The reality of a human life is only met once and not met again. worthiness is lost when knowledge is gained. I think the poem lends a right on warning to all of us. Recognize what is really important in life, embrace it, and discards everything else. prise every year, month, day, and minute. It is fleeting and we dont get a do over. Love your ally man right now, friends, and family. Dont wait until tomorrow because it may never come. Spend life in the present, not in the past or the future.Nothing Gold Can StayThe title of the poem Is metaphorical which, makes comparisons to the young and youth. Gold represents value and wealth. Therefore when it says Nothing Gold Can Stay it simply that not hing precious or of great value in the materialistic sense can stay forever. Gold symbolizes materialism, it would not last for long and it will give a false sense of security and happiness. Gold, which is money based, can take years to accumulate but can be washed away in a millisecond.On the other hand, things that have emotional and sentimental value cannot be bought with Gold and therefore will main throughout ones entire life. Nature represents the flirts Instance of gold. Green is Gold represents the natural world that is the New England forests Frost loved for most of his life. The color of money is green may also indicative of lifespan of the person in comparison to the seasons. The spring is when everything is new, Green the summer youth hot and passionate, the fall change various emotions, the winter dying death and cold.The birth of the baby Is stunning, their skin is soft they are fragile to hold, they grow so fast, their beauty, and the purity they have Inside Is ere fr esh and clean. I remember when I was a kid I would ask my parents questions about everything I saw. All nature was seen too, however as time passed it became normal. As I grew older I gained more knowledge and memory was no longer green. Example, when I was a baby I dont know how to lie to my parents, to anybody, but growing older learn how to lie and purity was not found again.When you are young, things are great and perfect, nothing to worry about but it Is Impossible to keep that sense of security all the time. It Is a flower that grows from seed, blooms, grows, and after a while it dies. We can also refer to green as it relates to the creation of the world. Everything created by God is green in nature. The green is the symbol of life and prosperity, for example money is green and when nature is described green typically comes to mind.In fact, when you look the green nature, it is pleasing to the eyes. However, due to mans greed they only see Gold. This Gold Is the first green be cause all humans care about Is Gold and as a result they are giving It greater importance than nature, our source of life. Being that nature supplied the earth with Gold, man take advantage of it. Then the nature loses its beauty and importance like it does in the morning Then it turns to the hot, muggy afternoon. Her early leafs a flower but only so an hour.It reminds us of how happy the first human creation of God living in the garden. The new life is so precious like a bud that turns to a beautiful flower, perfumed by Its natural essence yet a certain distraction ruins everything. The word Gold either suggests the early leaf, which lacks sufficient pigment to be completely green, or perhaps a gold as in a golden age, a reality time n ones life, even gold relating to money, stating the physical component of things, which as the end of the poem suggests, Cannot Stay.The nature of human life begins at a point of greatness in which all potentials represented by the flowers bud have b een met In the open blossom. This point In the lifetimes of all Miming things lasts only at the most an hour. Eden represents the pure world before man was created to name everything, to tend to the animals and to the earth, before he and his wife disobeyed the divine by eating the fruit from the tree of knowledge, thus aiming mortality and opening the doorway into death upon the earth. Eden represents all beginnings, before there was knowledge of decay.Frost uses this element to visualize his idea that all things in nature, including the lives of people, reach a new height before they sink to grief. The poet uses nature as a person which a commonly used term as Mother Nature, and I think the hidden meaning behind this is that the poem he has written carries the same message that has been preached for years, yet no one bothers to follow or listen to. Frost is not being entirely peoples in his poem he is saying only that it is the Gold in things which cannot last, their brightest.The reality of a human life is only met once and not met again. Purity is lost when knowledge is gained. I think the poem lends a powerful warning to all of us. Recognize what is really important in life, embrace it, and discards everything else. Appreciate every year, month, day, and minute. It is fleeting and we dont get a do over. Love your fellow man right now, friends, and family. Dont wait until tomorrow because it may never come. Spend life in the present, not in the past or the future.

Money Can’t Buy Happiness Essay

ignore money buy pleasure? No, money is a material asset. In today?s land many of us revolve our lives around money, just now does it really drop us happy? We argon contented when we go out buying, non only essentials, but also the latest cars, fashions, new technology, furniture, button on expensive holiday?s etc. Having all these congenial material items will make us happy but it is artificial happiness. True happiness lies within our spirit, to be happy not with material items, but with ourselves, our family, and the gifts God has given us.When we buy certain items of ?value? they may give us pleasure, but pleasure is not the same as joy or happiness. Pleasure fades quickly, and when pleasure is not connected to faithfulness and joy it has a bitter aftertaste. If we always choose pleasure oer goodness and joy, we shall choke on the residues of the in truth pleasure that makes us who we be.Happiness is not connected to being well-to-do or poor. We all need fulfillment fro m quotations other than money. It has been proven that forty-two percent of people would contain their current job, even if they won at least ten million dollars. For example a 26 year old Brooklyn (America) schoolteacher kept working despite winning sixty-five million dollars. She stated that, ?My job will keep me grounded, it is about life outside of money relationships, and comfort.?. This shows us that there are people who will choose happiness after pleasure. The people who do choose happiness over pleasure will benefit it in the long run. Even if they did loose all their money they would keep mum have a job to go to in the morning, real friends and not people who have hopped on for a ride, and spiritual contentedness. currency does not, will not, and should not ever equal happiness. Happiness should stem from the very simplest things in life our families, the world around us, even getting mail Life should be lived stormily spent living, but not living for money. Be picky close your eyes and point but make sure your choices make you happy. If you execute what makes you happy, you?ll be the richest person in the world.Money is a source of short-term happiness and only gives us pleasure it doesnot give us happiness or joy. Wealth is a material asset that gives us synthetic blissfulness, which will eventually fade away. Money can not buy true happiness, it buys artificial happiness. People who value money, beauty and popularity more so than they value intimacy, growth and community contribution are a lot less mentally salutary and a lot more unhappy. We all suffer the consequences of our choices, so make sure they are the make up choices and we shall then devour the beneficial outcome. We must all look for genuine happiness money is futile to buy. Money does not, will not, and should not ever equal happiness. Money can?t buy happiness

Mimicking Insider Trading

Introduction often of the field of finance Is foc purposed on creating affected returns?that is to say. Returns that ar different from what one might counter them to be based on various characteristics of the investment?by identifying so-called inefficiencies in the stock market. mayhap one of the most well-known strategies for taking advantage of these Inefficiencies, a scheme widely discussed In donnish as well as Industry literature, is undermentioned the copes of confederation intimaters.In the united States, company insiders are indispens equal to fib to the SEC any time they engage in a purchase or sales agreement of their rims stock. Within two business days following the date of the profession. This Information, once describe to the SEC, Is subsequently do available to the public almost immediately, allowing outsiders to see exactly how insiders are trading.When insiders trade based on stuff and nonsense non-public information and earn abnormal returns, it i s a violation of the strong form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, which itself is not backed by any significant emplace evidence, However, If outsiders are able to earn abnormal returns by mimicking Insider trades, this becomes a violation of the ideal-accepted semi-strong form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, which states that the price of a stock incorporates all publically available information.The academic literature contains many studies which attempt to break prodigality returns by replicating Insider trades, with varying degrees of victor. man some early studies (Gaffe 1994, Finery 1996) claimed that outsiders were indeed able to micturate a small bar of excess returns, a later survey by University of Michigan Professor H. Negate dislike concluded that once these trades accounted for exercise costs, the excess returns would be nearly zero. Later studies by Rezone and Zamia (1988).Line and Howe (1990) and Frederica, Gregory, Mahatma and Tones (2002) have also reaffirmed that accomplishment costs humiliated all the excess returns from these studies. (1)On the some other hand, several studies conclude that it is possible to earn excess returns by applying a mimicking dodge selectively. For example, Lakefronts and Lee (2001) conclude that if an investor mimics only large trades and only by the top management of a company (excluding board members, majority share retainers and other company employees), an outsider could in fact fuss excess returns.Other theories conjure that It Is possible to successfully replicate Insiders trades by using the strategy in markets outside the US, such as in the Italian, German and Spanish markets. l A critical factor in determining whether an outsider provide profit from replicating the trade of an insider is the motivation behind the trade. Insiders are apparent to engage In Insider trades for a sum of reasons, not all of them connected to Inside Information on future firm carry outance. An Inside t rade that Is ambulated by liquidity or diversification needs is un plausibly to contain any predictive magnate and exult in any abnormal return for an outsider.While its relatively obvious that the Insiders motivation In reservation an Inside trade Is a key factor in determining how successful the outsiders mimicking trades will be, existing academic literature has, for the most part, been unable to take advantage of this factor to increase returns on analyse portfolios. Were outsiders able to identify the motivation behind the insiders it might become possible to create a portfolio of performance-predicting trades, which would generate abnormal returns. In a 2007 paper entitled Decoding Inside Information, (Cohen et al.Harvard University and University of Toronto professors test an modernistic and original approach to mimicking insider trades. By using a simple algorithm, the strategy attempts to separate insider traders into two categories timeserving traders and everyday traders. Specifically, the algorithm involves analyzing the past three years of an insiders trading history, and identifying as casual traders those who had made inside trades in the same cal final stagear calendar month for three consecutive years. The remaining insiders, approximately, 45% of Cohen et al. s sample, is place as opportunistic traders.Insiders without three years of trading story are discarded from the sample entirely. Cohen et al. strain whether the trades made by these opportunistic traders contain any predictive power relating to firm performance, and how the trades of routine traders perform in comparison. Methodology In orderliness to test the efficacy of this strategy, the authors construct four test portfolios at the rarity of month t, comprised of month its a) Opportunistic buys b) Opportunistic manages c) Routine buys d) Routine sells At the end of severally month, the portfolios are rebalanced to reflect the routine and opportunistic inside trades a nd buys in that month.The objective of using these oratorios is to test whether or not in that respect is any added value in separating routine traders from opportunistic traders, using the algorithm designed by the authors. In other words, the information tests whether following only those insiders identified by the algorithm as opportunistic could yield a positive alpha, and how this compares to the returns of the routine trader portfolios. As noted above, the SEC requires insiders to report minutes within two business days following the trade (prior to the enactment of Serbians-Solely in 2002, insiders had until the tenth day of the following month to report the trade).In the sample make use ofd by Cohen et al. , nearly all of the trades were reported on the day on which the insider made the trade. (2) As such, by the time the portfolios are rebalanced at the end of each month, information on these inside trades would have been publicly available knowledge. Nonetheless, it is important to consider the probable implications of this on the results of the strategy. Predictive Ability of Routine vs. Opportunistic Trades In order to determine whether the opportunistic traders, as defined by Cohen et al. s algorithm, actually contain any predictive power, the authors run pooled aggressions of returns on indicators of routine and opportunistic trades in the prior month, with future one-month returns as the dependent variable. The findings reveal that both the buy and sell opportunistic trades contained lots greater predictive power than routine buys and sells. The results reveal that opportunistic buys yield fair returns 0. 90 basis points (with a t-statistic of 4. 46), 76 basis points high than that of routine buys. With a p-value of 0. %, the difference is significant. It is much better indicator than considering all insider buys. Testing opportunistic versus outing sells exhibits exchangeable results, with a coefficient of -0. 78 in the regression of op portunistic sells, and 0. 04 in the regression of routine sells. The difference is again significant with a p-value of 0% (F=29. 30). See Table 1 in Appendix for full results. Alpha The authors test for the presence of abnormal returns using several different asset pricing models, including the camping site and the Fame-French model, as well as others.While the tests use two different types of portfolios, one value-weighted and one equally weighted, the findings are similar and the results below will thereof focus only on the equally-weighted portfolio. In the case of opportunistic versus routine buys, the results channelize monthly CAMP alphas of 1. 51% (with a t-ratio of 5. 89 and p- value The results indicate that longing opportunistic buys, and shorting opportunistic sells could yield significant excess returns. An equally-weighted portfolio of opportunistic buys and sells yields a monthly CAMP alpha of 1. 81%, and a monthly Fame-French alpha of 1. 41%, with respective t-rati os of 5. 6 and 5. 04. Based on these results, it is evident that by separating routine and opportunistic trades from trades actuate by liquidity and diversification needs, and following only the former, outsiders may be able to significantly overstep the market. Distri just nowion of Returns While the study by Cohen et al. Goes not provide much information on the characteristics of the distribution of returns on the various portfolios used in their study, looking at other sources which study insider trading strategies may provide some insight into this issue. This information is highly relevant to risk-averse investors, to whom the fortune of wronges may be as important as the expected return. In Investment light from Insider Trading, H. Negate Shun finds that the probability of loss (defined as earning lower returns than an investment in the market portfolio) on a single mimicking transaction is 49. %, excluding transaction costs, and 51 . 7% when transaction costs are taken into account. (3). When combined with the study findings on average return, which falls in the 2-3% depending on the minor variations in the study various tests of the strategy, the approximate 50-50 arability of loss indicates a positive-skewed distribution. As such an investor must mimic a large number of insider trades in order to earn returns near the average of 2-3% in Shunts findings. While the relatively high probability of losses may seem risk averse investors, as it indicates a smaller probability of utmost(a) negative losses.Although there are substantial differences between Cohen et al. s study and Shunts study?likely the most important of which is that Shun does not differentiate between routine and opportunistic insiders as Cohen et al. Do?the results from Shunts study may be an indication that the distribution of Cohen et al. s results are positive-skewed as well. Indeed, it is likely that following only opportunistic traders would both reduce the probability of extr eme negative losses, as well as increase the probability of extreme positive gains, thereby resulting in an even advertise positive- skewed distribution.In addition, the high probability of loss illustrated in Shunts findings would likely also be reduced when following only opportunistic traders. Trading Costs and Refinancing Because this strategy involves relatively active trading, its costs (commission fees and id-ask spreads) will undoubtedly be higher than those of a buy and hold strategy. That said, when the strategy is applied selectively, as is the case in the Cohen et al. Study (I. E. By mimicking only opportunistic insiders sooner than all insiders) trading costs can be significantly reduced.In Cohen et al. s study, the test portfolios are rebalanced at the end of every month, based on that months opportunistic insider trades. In both the opportunistic sell and opportunistic buy portfolios, outsiders would be able to profit by shorting and buying, respectively, holding for a month, and balancing at the end of every month. Monthly refinancing requires immediacy, and the stocks would need to be purchased and sold using market orders. The outsider would thus prevail the additional costs off large bid-ask spread.Outsiders may potentially be able to rebalanced less frequently, submitting fixate orders instead of market orders, holding on to the stocks for longer periods of time, and still profit. According to Shunts findings,(4) in the case of an insider buy, the winnings are realized over the course of several months. (5) As such, the outsider may be able to educe refinancing to twice a year, and hold on to insider buy stocks for 6 months. In this case, the outsider could likely succumb to submit a limit buy order and wait a few days out front it executes.However, this does not apply in the case of an insider sell, as there is no evidence to indicate that these profits are realized over a period of many months. As such, monthly refinancing it neces sary. Barriers to implementation In reality, while the strategy would certainly not be difficult to follow for an institutional investor or a sophisticated respective(prenominal) investor, it would perhaps present mom challenges for the average investor. In Investment Intelligence from Insider Trading, Shun advises that an investor mimic close to 100 insiders, in order to reduce the probability of loss to an delicious level. 6) Granted, applying this to a strategy which differentiates between opportunistic and routine traders would likely require an outsider to follow a smaller number of insiders in order to obtain a reasonably limited probability of loss. some other potential barrier for the average investor is differentiating between routine and opportunistic traders. While Cohen et al. Ere able to accomplish this, as would institutional and sophisticated investors, it resources to successfully differentiate between the two types of insiders.While these issues may not be curi ously large obstacles, they do present additional considerations and challenges for the individual investor. Insider Trading and Serbians-Solely An interesting point to consider is the regard of changing SEC reporting regulations on an outsiders ability to profit from following insider trades. A Stanford University study (Zealand 2005)(6) well-tried the success of a generic mimicking strategy in the ears leading up to Serbians-Solely, versus the success of the strategy in the years following the enactment of the new legislation.The study found that in the first 27 months, it was possible to generate excess returns of up to 17. 67%, including trading costs. After this period, however, it was no longer possible to obtain these returns, likely because the market had fully adjusted to this new source of public information. Looking forward, it is possible that any further changes in SEC regulation make information more readily accessible with a smaller delay, will present investors wit h another opportunity to earn additional returns before the market is able to react.Strategy proportion While Cohen et al. Are the first to attempt to generate excess returns by differentiating specifically between routine and opportunistic traders, a number of studies in the academic literature have sought to increase returns from following insider trading by applying the strategy in various other selective slipway. Although the routine vs.. Opportunistic strategy appears to be the most successful thus far, several other versions of the strategy have also managed to create excess returns.A duty conducted in Sweden (Ayatollah and El-Marin, 2005) reveals that replicating insider trades of stocks listed on the A-List and Attract 40 (the Swedish stock indices reserved for larger companies with significant operating history) does not generate abnormal returns at a significant level. On the other hand, replicating buy transactions of insider clusters (multiple firm insiders making simi lar trades in the same time period) of firms trading on the O-list (designated for companies which lack the requisite operating history or size for listing on the more conventional lists) could generate abnormal returns up to 33. , excluding transaction costs. By selectively applying a mimicking strategy to smaller companies quite than larger ones, to buy transactions rather than sell transactions, and to insider clusters (numerous firm insiders making same-type trades in a abandoned period of time) rather to individual investors,(7) an outsider may be able to generate excess returns. The study conducted by Shun, which examines 60,000 insider transactions on the NYSE from 1975-1981, reveals similar results. Over the course of 100 days, the buy transactions exhibited excess returns of 3%, while the sell transactions underperformed the racket by 1 . %. In other words, an outsider may have been able to profit by going long inside buys, but not by shorting inside sells. He also found that there has been a greater amount of uninformative sell transactions that have taken place in the ass, compared to the ass-ass(8), it could be that since sass, the amount and oftenness of stock compensations has greatly and continuously increased,(9),thus it into routines and opportunistic you would be able to keep the informative transactions and be less affect by this tendency.Shunts results also indicate that placating insider trades in smaller firms generated higher excess returns than insider trades in larger firms. (10) It may be easier to generate excess returns by replicating insider trades in smaller firms, because these insiders are typically subjected to less scrutiny by analysts and by the media than their counterparts in larger firms. As such, they may be more willing to engage in profitable, performance- predicting trades than insiders at larger firms. However, its also possible that these trades generate higher expected returns simply because they have increased r isk.In order to compensate investors for this risk, investments in smaller firms can be expected to generate higher returns, as reflected in the Fame French model. Similar to the Swedish study, a study conducted by Jenny et al. (1999) (7) also found replicating insider cluster transactions to be more profitable than replicating individual insider transactions. The rationale behind this?that same-type transactions from multiple firm insiders within a given period is likely motivated by insider knowledge rather than by investor-specific needsis fairly obvious. 11) Cohen at al. Observe similar results in Decoding Inside Information. The study findings indicate that a one- haveard deviation increase in the log number of opportunistic sells translates into a decrease in future returns of 29 basis points per month (excluding the specific days each year when firm executives receive stock compensation and subsequently toss off some of their stake in the firm). (12) By differentiating betw een routine and opportunistic traders as Cohen et al. O, outsiders can stay off these routine sells, and mimic only informative inside clusters. Looking Forward Although Cohen et al. And others have illustrated various ways in which outsiders ay be able to generate excess returns by mimicking insider trades, several potential obstacles may stand in the way of this strategy in the future. As with any market inefficiency, increased popularity of the strategy as well as increased accessibility to information on insider trades may cause a disapprove in future returns.Today, there are already a multitude of web sites that allow outsiders to overcome insider trades, making information about such trades readily accessible to the average investor. As a ontogeny number of outsiders attempt to replicate these trades, it is likely that it will come increasingly difficult for investors to mimic trades in time to capture any gains. Another potential threat to this strategy is the proliferati on of endowment assurances, which firm insiders use to take advantage of offshore solutions in order to hide their transactions. Insiders are therefore able to trade stocks and derivatives of companies anonymously, and avoid reporting insider trades to regulators. This would obviously prohibit outsiders from gaining access to and mimicking insider trades. (13) Lastly, increased penalties for insider trading could also threaten the success of the strategy. Cohen et al. How that during periods with increased cases of investors being prosecuted for insider trading, the number of trades identified as opportunistic decrease. In other words, insiders take earnestly the risk of being caught and charged.

Outsourcing: Is It Ethical Essay

Outsourcing has become a very hot event in our country everywhere the last few years. Many the Statesns view this topic as very controversial and wrong. Outsourcing is also cognise as the offshoring of American jobs. These jobs atomic takings 18 being sent to extraneous countries all(prenominal) over the world. Under George bush-leagues administration the American economy lost 1.6 million jobs.Outsourcing to other countries is not limited to one and only(a) business sector or profession almost all professions ar beginning to shade the cause of outsourcing. Many politicians, economists and business people atomic number 18 having very heated debates in regards to outsourcing. There be somewhat who feel that outsourcing is good for the American economy. There argon others who strongly disagree and argue that outsourcing is an action taken by greedy companies that disrupt the economic futures of numerous people and these actions are purely unethical.Outsourcing go don e in America is richlyly debatable because we support a moral responsibility to adhere to values in society, and to promote human development. Advancing capitalism, by train it awayting courts and increasing profits, comes at a cost to society when values and moral standards are brush asideed.Outsourcing in itself is not illegal or unethical, but the repercussions of outsourcing experienced in America are considered to be unethical for the following reasons American citizens, educated in America for the purpose of practice in America, are displaced from jobs by foreign workers outsourcing lacks regulation to protect personal and tender information and the American government offers no effective solutions to address these repercussions by re-training and re-employing displaced workers, and by offering incentives for businesses not to outsource.Not only are Americans affected by outsourcing in career and future earnings, but their mind of guarantor is affected too. Businesse s that outsource American client information, to be stored and make fored in a foreign country, often do so without disclosure to their clients. The foreign country adheres to a different set of regulations cephalalgiaing entropy or information protection, and this puts American citizens at risk to identity theft or fraud. The actual long-term damage of job outsourcing on future innovation and individual earning power remains to be determined.Income levels are frozen and cannot compete with inflation. Workers lose leverage to negotiate fair earningsincreases or promotion. Foreign employment policies, such(prenominal) as minimum wage, and working conditions differ. Businesses that are outsourcing can set a minimum wage in developing countries that would never be accepted as a minimum wage in America.When most of us think of outsourcing we immediately think of manufacturing jobs. The loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector has been publicized through the media, which has called upon the ethical issues involved. Ethical concerns for outsourcing manufacturing jobs range from human rights violations to standard of living issues. Even though manufacturing whitethorn be the highest sector affected by outsourcing, there are galore(postnominal) much professions beginning to feel the make such as engineering and design, laid-back Tech Jobs and the Accounting application. technology and pictureSome may believe that the jobs lost to foreign countries are those that are low paying and those that many would not take anyway. However, this is far from the truth. Highly skilled workers in the engineering and design fields are starting to feel the effects of outsourcing. The decision to outsource engineering services is driven by money and the need to cut costs.For example, an office in India provides design and engineering capabilities such as finite element analysis, 2D lottery and 3D modeling, design sheet metal parts and complex molds, kinematics simulation al ong with other skills. Engineering firms are beginning to see the benefits to outsourcing to foreign companies to do design work.Tom Epply, president of Continental Design and Engineering stated, my view is that Im trying to save a business for my customer. Its all this or he can have his head stuck in the sand and possibly lose the business. Im trying to look at the bigger picture. The engineers in India can do the routine work, go the engineers her can do the research. Many engineering consultants feel the same way as Tom Epply, outsourcing is ineluctable and we need it to survive. But does this make it ethical?Outsourcing engineering services can save companies money, however, there are many that disagree. The NSPE (National Society for Professional Engineers) has issued the following statement the outsourcing of engineering should be done only when the talent cannot be found in the US.If outsourcing of engineering work is done, it should be done using the same rules, regulati ons, and laws that employers and employees are subject to in the US.If a company outsources because of corporate greed and selfishness of top executives then this is very unethical but if outsourcing is done out of competitive necessity and the needs of the employees, it should be considered and viewed as ethical. There are some who believe that there is a shortage of American engineers and this might contribute to the haste in outsourcing engineering work. However, there are plenty of people here in the US who can do the work.There are few engineering firms around the country that are struggling with the issues of outsourcing work or keeping their work inside the US. These companies will be forced to weigh the pros and cons and decide what is ethical for their firm.High Tech JobsThe need for technology and IT (information technology) firms has grown rapidly and will continue to grow in the future. These firms have been hit hard with outsourcing to foreign countries. There was a tim e when someone with a degree in calculating machine programming did not have to worry about having a job. Most everyone thought that computer programmers were in demand and would always have a job. In 2000, the unemployment rate for computer programmers was 2.0%.By 2004, this number rose to 9.5%. One company that US jobs are being sent to is India Web Developers. This companys website has an entire section devoted to convincing companies of why they should outsource their web development needs to India.In the past America was seen as a global leader in regards to technology. Now the question is Is the US losing their position as the technology leader by outsourcing these jobs? In order for the US to keep their high status, there will need to be to a greater extent investment in education and teaching of maths and science. Without education and a capable workforce, we will lose high-tech jobs and our place as innovators globally.The Accounting IndustryThe outsourcing of accounting functions, such as taxation fleets, book keeping and auditing, have become a multi-million vaulting horse industry around the world.Reports of the scope and size of the outsourcing market vary greatly, but the largest outsourcing companies claim that thousands of returns were processed during the 2003 tax season.Estimates indicate that totals now may be well into the hundreds of thousands. Accounting firms are feeling more and more pressure to outsource some of their work and lower their costs. On the website for SurePrep, which is an offshore provider for tax return services, they provide the following pitch to certified public accountants and accounting firms What if you could prepare a thousand more tax returns without adding even one more staff member? And what if you could prepare those returns for up to 50 share less than what it costs you right now? You can with SurePrep.And with virtually unlimited ability to prepare and process returns, you can increase volume, multiply profits, and grow your practice. This proposal is definitely hard for any firm to lapse on. What company would pass up increasing their volume and profits without adding staff? There are many additional benefits that an outsourcing firm may provide for accounting firms including 1. Qualified part time help2. Brobdingnagian cost advantage to outsourcing3. Faster turn- around time and increased productivity with returns coming back in less than 48 hours. 4. CPA firm freed up due to reduced tax preparation workloads. sledding time for staff to find ways to offer clients new services. 5. Tax outsourcing can serve as a catalyst for business transformation, enabling a firm to outsource other accounting functions such as bookkeeping. Due to these benefits, many firms are beginning to outsource overseas. Although these benefits may seem great, there are still some risks and ethical concerns related to outsourcing.According to the AICPA (American Institute of Certified Public Accountant s), the chief concern is the Code of Professional Conduct that CPAs are required to follow. According to Richard Miller and Alan Anderson, AICPA members have responsibilities related to the practice of using third parties to provide services in engagements for clients. Primary among them are security and confidentiality of information, due professional care and compliance with provisions of the Code of Professional Conduct. In addition, members must manage security procedures that third-party providers have put into place to stop they remain effective.It will be difficult for accountants toensure that financial information of their clients remain confidential and secure. Also, firms will find it hard to ensure that the outsourcing companies are dependent to complete the job. According to the AICPA, firms need to exercise due care to make sure their clients information are handled correctly and securely. They also state that there is no specific ethical requirement that the member bring out to the client that they are using the services of an outside provider. ConclusionOutsourcing is a legal business application affecting America. And it is an inevitable response to globalization and international trade. The outsourcing of American jobs will continue to be a great subject to debate here in the United States. Our politicians will continue to debate the topic and decide if there should be laws set to help or hinder companies from outsourcing jobs. There are many officials that believe that outsourcing will help our country and economy and that nothing bad could come from outsourcing.It is a normal rule in economics that in order for an economy to grow, old jobs must be finished so that new jobs can be created. There are also those who believe we should at all cost protect our current jobs. High unemployment in America has renewed complaints that outsourcing to countries such as India hurts American workers.It seems that outsourcing American jobs is not go ing away and will only increase. Knowing this there are a few questions we should all ask ourselves, Is outsourcing an ethical practice, Is outsourcing for the sole purpose of reducing cost ethical and What responsibilities do US companies have to the employees they have laid off due to outsourcing? George Bush once said, What do you think to someone in this country who has lost his job to someone overseas whos being nonrecreational a fraction of what that job paid here in the United States? Good question industrial plant Cited(n.d.). Retrieved from SurePrep Http//sureprep.comAnderson, A. W. (n.d.). Legal and Ethical Considerations. Retrieved 8 2011, sublime , from American Institute of Certified Public Accoutants ttp//www.aicpa.org/download/ morals/outsourcing.pdf Boykin, D. (November, 12 2006). Offshore Outsourcing Stirs National Debate. Retrieved 5 2011, August , from http//www.nspe.org/etweb/10304feature.asp Bringham, N. (November, 122006). Outsourcing High-Tech JobsWhy benig n neglect isnt working. Retrieved August 5, 2011, from Computer professional for Social Responsibility http//www.cpsr.org/pubs/workingpapers/1/IToutsourcing Harrison, K. (n.d.). car Design.Retrieved 5 2011, August, from Machine Design http//forums.machinedesign.com/eve/forums/a/tpc/f/7000036462/m/6290025372 McGhee, B. W. (n.d.). Ethical Issues in Outsourcing Accounting and Tax Services. Retrieved August 8, 2011, from Social Science Research Network http//papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=648766 Mintz, S. (n.d.). The Ethical Dilemmas of Outsourcing.Retrieved 8 2011, August, from New York State Society of CPAs http//www.nyssacpa.org/cpajournal Torrance, F. (n.d.). Center for Management Communication. Retrieved 8 2011, August , from The Ethics of In-house vs. Outsourcing http//www.usc.edu/org/InsightBusiness/archives/fall2005/TheEthicsofInhouse.htm

Database Final Exam

1. (Chapter 06) Describe a relative DBMS (RDBMS), its underlying entropy model, data storage structures, and appearance of establishing data alliances a. A relational DBMS (or RDMBS) is a data management system that implements a relational data model, one where data be stored in a collection of tables and the data relationships atomic number 18 correspond by common valves, not links. Pg. 247 b. Data ar stored in a collection of tables and the data relationships be represented by common values not links.String CARACTER (CHAR)CHARACTER VARYING (VARCHAR or VARCHAR2)BINARY LARGE OBJECT (BLOB) Stores mountain chain values containing any character in a character solidifying. CHAR is defined to be a fixed length. Stores string values containing any characters in a character set but of determinable variable length. Stores binary string values in hexadecimal format. BLOB is defined to be a variable length. (Oracle also has CLOB and NCLOB, as well as BFILE for storing unstructured data outside the database. ) Number NUMERICINTERGER(INT) Stores take in numbers with a defined precision and scale.Stores exact numbers with a predefined precision and scale of zip fastener Temporal TIMESTAMPTIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZON Stores a moment an event occurs, using a definable fraction-of-a-second precision. think of adjusted to the users session time zone (available in Oracle and MySQL) Boolean Boolean Stores truth values TRUE, FALSE or UNKNOWN c. The relational data model assumes that you have blameless the activity An ER Model d. The power of the RDBMS is realized through. The relationship existing between the tables. The relationships atomic number 18 established by including common column or columns in every table where a relationship is needed. . (Chapter 06) What are six potential benefits of achieving an SQL standard? Pg. 245-246 a. Reduce training cost b. Productivity c. finishing portability d. Application longevity e. Reduce dependence on a single vend or f. Cross-system communication 3. (Chapter 07) Define distributively of the following key terms a. Dynamic SQL Specific SQL code generated on the fly while an use is processing. Pg. 326 b. Correlated sub interrogative sentence Use the result of the outer query to determine the processing of the inner query. Pg. 303 c. Embedded SQL Hard-coded SQL statements include in a program written in some other language, such as C or Java.Pg. 323 d. Procedure A collection of procedural and SQL statements that are assigned a unique name inside the schema and stored in the database. Pg. 323 e. Join A relational operation that causes two tables with a common mankind to be combined into a single table or view. Pg. 290 f. Equi-join A join in which the connexion condition is establish on equality between vales in the common columns. Common columns appear (redundantly) in the result table. P 291 g. Self-join There are times when a join requires matching rows in a table with other rows in that s ame table that is, joining table with itself. Pg. 297 . Outer join A join in which rows that do not have matching values in common columns are nevertheless included in the result table. Pg. 293 i. Function A stored subroutine that returns one value and has solitary(prenominal) input parameters. Pg323 j. Persistent Stored Modules (SQL/PSM) Extensions defined in SQL1999 that include the capability to create and drop modules of code stored in the database schema across user sessions. Pg. 319 4. (Chapter 07) Write the SQL Query needed to Display var.ID and CourseName for all courses in the Course Table where the CourseID has an ISM prefix Query SELECT CourseTable.CourseID, CourseTable. CourseName FROM CourseTable WHERE(((CourseTable. CourseID)=ISM)) 5. (Chapter 08) What are the profits/disadvantages of two-tier architectures? Pg. 339 An advantage of two-tier architecture The advantage of the two-tier design is its simplicity. The TopLink database session that builds the two-tier ar chitecture provides all the TopLink features in a single session type, thereby qualification the two-tier architecture simple to build and use. A disadvantage of the two-tier architecture is The most important limitation of the two-tier architecture is that it is not scalable, ecause each client requires its own database session. * 6. (Chapter 08) What are six common steps to access databases? Pg. 340 * a. severalize and register a database driver b. Open a connection to a database c. Execute a query against the database d. Process the results of a query e. Repeat step 3-4 as necessary f. Close the connection to the database * * * 7. (Chapter 09) What are the three major components of Data Warehouse architecture? Pg. 389 a. Operational data are stored in the several(a) operational systems of record throughout the organization (and sometimes in external systems). . Reconciled data are the type of data stored in the enterprise data warehouse and an operational data stored. c. Deriv ed data are the type of data stored in each of the data marts. * * 8. (Chapter 09) What are the four characteristics of a data warehouse? a. Subject Orientation Data organized by subject b. Integration Consistency of defining parameters c. Non-volatility shelter data storage medium d. Time-variance Timeliness of data and access terms * 9. (Chapter 09) What are the five claimed limitations of self-reliant data marts? Pg. 384 . A separate ETL process is developed for each data mart, which can yield pricey redundant data and processing efforts. b. Data marts may not be consistent with one another because they are often developed with different technologies, and thus they may not provide a light enterprise-wide view of data concerning important subjects such as customers, suppliers, and products. c. There is no capability to drill smooth into greater detail or into related facts in other data marts or a divided up data repository, so analysis is limited, or at best very difficult. . Scaling costs are excessive because every new application that creates a separate data mart repeats all the natural selection and load steps. e. if there is an attempt to make the separate data marts consistent, the cost to do so is rather high. * 10. (Chapter 09) What are the three types of operations that can be easily performed with OLAP tools? Pg. 214-215 a. Relational OLAP (ROLAP) Star Schema based b. Multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP) Cube based c. Hybrid OLAP (HOLAP) * 11. (Chapter 10) What are the four key components of a data brass instrument program? Pg. 435 . Sponsorship from both senior management and business units b. A data steward manager to support, train, and direct the data stewards c. Data stewards for different business units, data subjects, source systems, or combinations of these elements d. A governance committee, headed by one person, but composed of data steward managers, executives and senior vice presidents, IT leadership and others business leaders, to s et strategic goals, coordinate activities, and provide guidelines and standards for all data management activities. * * 12. Chapter 10) What are the four ways that data capture processes can be improved to improve data quality? According to Inmon (2004), there are several actions that can be taken at the original data capture step Pg. 441 a. write in code as much of the data as possible via automatic, not human, means (e. g. , from data stored in a smart card or pulled from a database, such as retrieving current values for addresses, account numbers, and other personal characteristics). b. Where data must be entered manually, ensure that it is selected from preset options (e. . , drop-down menus of selections pulled from the database), if possible. c. Use trained operators when possible (help systems and darling prompts/examples can assist end users in proper data entranceway). d. Follow good user interface design principles that create consistent screen layouts, easy to follow n avigation paths, clear data entry masks and formats (which can be defined in DDL), minimal use of obscure codes can be looked up and displayed from the database, not in the application programs), etc. . Immediately check entered data for quality against data in the database, so use triggers and user-defined procedures liberally to make sure that only high-quality data enter the database wen funny data are entered (e. g. , T for gender), immediate and understandable feedback should be given to the operator, questioning the validity of the data.